Methyldopa It is moderate efficacy antihypertensive; primarily decreases total peripheral resistance with little effect on cardiac output.Methyldopa is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase) which is responsible for conversion of L-Dopa into dopamine.It is also converted α-methylnorepinephrine by dopamine β-hydroxylase. Indication: Mild to moderate hypertension etc. Side Effects: Sedation, …
Reserpine Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) transports free intracellular norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in the presynaptic nerve terminal into presynaptic vesicles. Reserpine irreversibly blocks this VMAT. Reserpine is rauwolfia alkaloid which helps in reducing blood pressure and decrease agitation in patients who have certain mental problems. Indications: Hypertension, hypertensive emergencies, and toxaemia of pregnancy etc. Side …
DihydralazineIt is directly acting arteriolar vasodilator with little action on venous capacitance vessels. It acts by relaxing smooth muscles used to treat hypertension. It acts as vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles. Hydralazine activates potassium channel on vascular smooth muscle through binding at site. This prevents calcium-mediated activation and constriction of the smooth muscle. Indications: …
Doxazosin Doxazosin is a selective alpha adrenergic blocker. It inhibits the binding of norepinephrine t alpha receptors on smooth muscles. Through this mechanism, it relaxes smooth muscles (vasodilation) which decreases peripheral vascular resistance causes decrease in blood pressure. Indications: BPH, Hypertension etc. Side effects: Chest pain, headache, dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, postural hypotension, …
LacidipineIt is highly vasoselective third generation dihydro pyridine calcium channel blockers and produces calcium channel modulated vasodilation. It has a long duration of action and high degree of vascular selectivity. It possess one of the highest known membrane partition co-efficient which allows it to position more deeply with in vascular cell membrane lipid bilayer. Indications: …
Losartan Potassium Losartan potassium is AT1 receptor antagonist. AT1 stands for angiotensin II receptor type 1. It inhibits all effects of angiotensin II including release of aldosterone. Losartan reduces peripheral resistance and cardiac venous return. Indications: Mild to moderate hypertension etc. Side Effects: Dyspepsia, diarrhea, myalgia, headache, G.I. upset, oedema, dizziness etc. Dosage forms: Losartan …
Clonidine:It has major haemodynamic effects result from action on central sites in medulla and hypothalamus. Clonidine stimulates α2- receptors in brain thus decreases peripheral vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure. This decreases presynaptic calcium levels and inhibit the release of norepinephrine. This effect decreases sympathetic tone. Indications: All grades of Hypertension etc. Side effects: Sedation, …
Sotalol Mode of Action: It is a non selective beta blocker that also has potassium channel blocking property. It blocks both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. It exhibits class III antiarrhythmic properties. This decreases calcium inflow in to cell, hence decrease cardiac contraction. Sotalol also causes delay in relaxation of the ventricles through blocking of …
Candesartan It is an angiotensin II receptor (type AT1) antagonist. Irbesartan blocks the vasoconstriction and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptors found in vacular smooth muscle, adrenal gland etc. Indications: Mild to moderate hypertension etc. Side Effects: Peripheral Oedema, rhinitis, back pain, Diarrhea, …
ValsartanValsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist which works by relaxing the blood vessel. Valsartan blocks the action of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptors found in vacular smooth muscle, adrenal gland etc. Indications: Mild to moderate hypertension etc. Side Effects: Peripheral Oedema, rhinitis, back pain, Diarrhea, …