DihydralazineIt is directly acting arteriolar vasodilator with little action on venous capacitance vessels. It acts by relaxing smooth muscles used to treat hypertension. It acts as vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles. Hydralazine activates potassium channel on vascular smooth muscle through binding at site. This prevents calcium-mediated activation and constriction of the smooth muscle. Indications: …
Doxazosin Doxazosin is a selective alpha adrenergic blocker. It inhibits the binding of norepinephrine t alpha receptors on smooth muscles. Through this mechanism, it relaxes smooth muscles (vasodilation) which decreases peripheral vascular resistance causes decrease in blood pressure. Indications: BPH, Hypertension etc. Side effects: Chest pain, headache, dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, postural hypotension, …
LacidipineIt is highly vasoselective third generation dihydro pyridine calcium channel blockers and produces calcium channel modulated vasodilation. It has a long duration of action and high degree of vascular selectivity. It possess one of the highest known membrane partition co-efficient which allows it to position more deeply with in vascular cell membrane lipid bilayer. Indications: …
Losartan Potassium Losartan potassium is AT1 receptor antagonist. AT1 stands for angiotensin II receptor type 1. It inhibits all effects of angiotensin II including release of aldosterone. Losartan reduces peripheral resistance and cardiac venous return. Indications: Mild to moderate hypertension etc. Side Effects: Dyspepsia, diarrhea, myalgia, headache, G.I. upset, oedema, dizziness etc. Dosage forms: Losartan …
Clonidine:It has major haemodynamic effects result from action on central sites in medulla and hypothalamus. Clonidine stimulates α2- receptors in brain thus decreases peripheral vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure. This decreases presynaptic calcium levels and inhibit the release of norepinephrine. This effect decreases sympathetic tone. Indications: All grades of Hypertension etc. Side effects: Sedation, …
Sotalol Mode of Action: It is a non selective beta blocker that also has potassium channel blocking property. It blocks both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. It exhibits class III antiarrhythmic properties. This decreases calcium inflow in to cell, hence decrease cardiac contraction. Sotalol also causes delay in relaxation of the ventricles through blocking of …
Candesartan It is an angiotensin II receptor (type AT1) antagonist. Irbesartan blocks the vasoconstriction and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptors found in vacular smooth muscle, adrenal gland etc. Indications: Mild to moderate hypertension etc. Side Effects: Peripheral Oedema, rhinitis, back pain, Diarrhea, …
ValsartanValsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist which works by relaxing the blood vessel. Valsartan blocks the action of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptors found in vacular smooth muscle, adrenal gland etc. Indications: Mild to moderate hypertension etc. Side Effects: Peripheral Oedema, rhinitis, back pain, Diarrhea, …
Olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan medoxomil is angiotensin II receptor blocking type of drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Olmesartan medoxomil is a prodrug which is hydrolyzed to olmesartan in GI tract. It blocks the vasoconstriction caused by the angiotensin II. It selectively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptor in vascular …
Milrinone It is a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor that works to increase the heart’s contractility and decrease pulmonary vascular resistance. Milrinone also works to vasodilate which helps alleviate increased pressures (afterload) on the heart, thus improving its pumping action. Indications: Short term management of CCF in patient unresponsive to digitalis, diuretics or vasodilators etc. Side Effects: …