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AmrinoneAmrinone acts by inhibiting the breakdown of both cAMP and cGMP by the phosphodiesterase (PDE3) enzyme. Positive inotrope with direct pulmonary vasodilator activity increase cardiac output and use in the treatment of cardiac heart failure. Indications: Congestive Heart Failure etc. Side Effects: Cardiac arrhythmia, hepatotoxicity, GI disturbance, myositis, nail discoloration, nausea, hypersensitivity, chest pain etc. …
Quinidine: It is alkaloid from Cinchona bark-the dextroisomer of quinine & has been noted to suppress ‘rebellious palpitation’. Quinidine increase threshold for excitation and reduces conduction velocity, thus limits the spread of arrhythmia. Mode of Action: Quinidine produces its action by blocking inward sodium current. Its action is use dependent means at higher heart rates …
Eplerenone Eplerenone is an aldosterone blocker. It works by blocking the hormone aldosterone, which lowers the amount of sodium and water the body retains. This helps to lower blood pressure to help prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Indications: Congestive Heart failure, post myocardial infractions, hypertension etc. Side effects: Hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercholesterolemia, albumin urea, …
Metolazone Metolazone is a diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of the thiazide diuretics even through it don’t contain a thiazide ring system. It works indirectly by decreasing the amount of water reabsorbed by blood stream from kidneys. By this mechanism it lowers the blood volume and reduces blood pressure and prevent excess …
Bisoprolol: Bisoprolol is a competitive antagonist of β-adrenoreceptors. Its action last for 24 hours. Bisoprolol reduces blood pressure and heart rate by blocking β- blockers. It has high selectivity toward β-blockers.It also has calcium antagonist property. Indications: Hypertension, Angina pectoris, Heart failure, coronary artery disease etc Side Effects: Worsening of pre-existed heart failure, Hypotension, Dizziness, …
Eprosartan Mesylate Eprosartan reduce blood pressure in two ways. First it blocks the angiotensin II receptor at AT1 receptors and second, it inhibits sympathetic norepinephrine production. The drug acts on the rennin-angiotensin system to decrease total peripheral resistance. Indications: Hypertension etc Side Effects: Fatigue, depression, abdominal pain, flatulence, urinary tract infections, eczema, oedema, esophagitis etc. …
Esmolol: Esmolol is β andrenoceptor blocker that selectively blocks β-1 receptors but at higher dose can also block β-2 receptors. Its β-1 receptor blocking selectivity prevents Esmolol from side effects that are associated with β-2 receptor blocking. Esmolol lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patient but don’t reduce blood pressure in normal conditions. Due to its …
Atenolol Atenolol has high lipid solubility that why its effect persists for 24 hours. It is relatively cardio selective β1 andrenoceptor blocking agent without membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activities. Atenolol is a β -1 selective receptor blocker and is helpful in reducing side effect occur due to β-2 andrenoceptor blockers. Its β1 andrenoceptor blocking …
PhenoxybenzaminePhenoxybenzamine is used to treat high blood pressure and heavy sweating due to a certain tumor of the adrenal glands (pheochromocytoma). Phenoxybenzamine belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers and irreversibly blocks the alpha receptors. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. Indications: Hypertension …
Moxonidine Moxonidine is a selective agonist at the imidazoline receptor subtype 1 (I1). This receptor subtype is found in both the rostral ventro-lateral pressor and ventromedial depressor areas of the medulla oblongata. Moxonidine therefore causes a decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity and, therefore, a decrease in blood pressure.Indications: Hypertension, mild iron deficiency anaemias etc. …