2016

Esmolol: Esmolol is β andrenoceptor blocker that selectively blocks β-1 receptors but at higher dose can also block β-2 receptors. Its β-1 receptor blocking selectivity prevents Esmolol from side effects that are associated with β-2 receptor blocking. Esmolol lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patient but don’t reduce blood pressure in normal conditions. Due to its …

Atenolol Atenolol has high lipid solubility that why its effect persists for 24 hours. It is relatively cardio selective β1 andrenoceptor blocking agent without membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activities. Atenolol is a β -1 selective receptor blocker and is helpful in reducing side effect occur due to β-2 andrenoceptor blockers. Its β1 andrenoceptor blocking …

PhenoxybenzaminePhenoxybenzamine is used to treat high blood pressure and heavy sweating due to a certain tumor of the adrenal glands (pheochromocytoma). Phenoxybenzamine belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers and irreversibly blocks the alpha receptors. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. Indications:  Hypertension …

Moxonidine Moxonidine is a selective agonist at the imidazoline receptor subtype 1 (I1). This receptor subtype is found in both the rostral ventro-lateral pressor and ventromedial depressor areas of the medulla oblongata. Moxonidine therefore causes a decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity and, therefore, a decrease in blood pressure.Indications:  Hypertension, mild iron deficiency anaemias etc. …

Lercanidipine Lercanidipine is a dihydropyridine class calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing and opening the blood vessels by blocking calcium channel. It lowers blood pressure and allows heart to work more efficiently. Its slow onset of action helps to avoid reflex tachycardia associated with other dihydropyridines. Indications:  Mild to moderate hypertension Side Effects:  Flushing, …

Propafenone Propafenone is 1C class anti-arrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects and direct stabilizing action on myocardial membranes. It acts by blocking sodium channel. It slows down sodium influx into cardiac muscle cells, causing a decrease in excitability of the cells. In addition, it has beta adrenergic blocking property which is responsible for it bradycardia …

Adenosine Adenosine is an endogenously occurring purine nucleosides composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule. It acts by hyperpolarisation of SA-node leading to depression of SA-node automatically and by prolongation of AV-conduction time which interrupts re-entry circuits and restores normal sinus rhythm. Adenosine has an main role in biochemical processes …

Phentolamine Mesylate It is a short acting α blockers. By blocking α1 receptors it produces vasodilation. Primary use of Phentolamine is in hypertensive emergencies. Inhibition of α2 receptors can increase sympathetic tone. Indications:  Pheochromocytoma, extravasation of non adrenaline or dopamine causing hypertensive episode Side Effects:  Hypotension, Diziness, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, nasal cogestation, chest pain, …

Mexiletine Its activity is similar to Lidocaine. It is used as local anesthetic as well as anti-arrhythmic by oral route. It belongs to the class 1B anti-arrhythmic drugs. It slows down conduction in heart and makes the heart tissue less sensitive. It has sodium channel blocking property and decrease action potential frequency by lengthening the …

ProcainamideIt is amide derivative of the local anaesthetic procaine which was found to have antiarrhythmic activity but was not suitable clinically due to rapid hydrolysis and marked C.N.S. effects. It inhibits sodium channel and prolongs the cardiac action potential. Restrict entry of sodium and block outward potassium current. Indications:  Premature ventricular contraction & Tachycardia, cardiac …